Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 11

Business Law - Essay Example Each issue in the current question requires an analysis of the elements and so each of these will be discussed in turn, with respect to each question. The definition of law of negligence is said to be the of conduct which tends to fall below the standard that has been established by law so as to protect others against any unreasonable risk of harm. The landmark decision in which the doctrine of negligence was developed was Donoghue v. Stevenson1 and in particular Lord Atkin’s formulation is till today said to be the benchmark. The material facts of the case were that Donoghue who consume a ginger beer found a decomposed snail in the bottle and claimed negligence against Setevenson. The basic contention was that a duty of care was owed by the manufacture to the person who used or consumed what had been produced and so an act of negligence had been committed when the person who consumed or used the product was injured, even though the bottle in this particular case had been purchased from a retailer. Therefore since the injury had been caused to the final consumer it was contended that whether the beer was purchased from the manufacturer. Thus it was contended that the manufacturer should be held liable to the final consumer as duty was owed by him in the current situation and he was negligent in respect of the duty that he owed. Even though the case was settled out of court the court found all the elements to be present and stated that there had been negligence on part of the manufacturer. The main establishment in this case was the neighbor principle.Thus the case stated that a person must take reasonable care so as to avoid acts or omissions which if seen with reasonable foreseeability are likely to cause an injury to that person’s neighbour. Lord Atkin found a neighbour to be a person who would be so closely and directly affected by the act that he should have been contemplated of when doing the

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay Example for Free

An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge Essay In Ambrose Bierce’s short story, ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,’ he uses his setting to carry out the plot of the story better than the short film of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge. ’ The words in the short story flow so beautifully, and give such detail as to fully understand the emotions running through Peyton Farquhar’s head as the time progresses to his hanging. In my opinion, the story’s graphic settings and imagery easily grasp the introduction rising action/climax, and conclusion as Ambrose Bierce originally wanted the story to be told. In the introduction of the short story, Bierce tells of a man, soon to be known as Farquhar, standing above a bridge engaged to be hung. As he is waiting for the lieutenant to complete preparations, he lays eyes upon a piece of drift wood in the swirling stream below the bridge. The story then goes into detail about how slowly the stream appeared to be moving the drift wood along, â€Å"He then let his gaze wander to the swirling water of the stream racing madly beneath his feet. A piece of dancing driftwood caught his attention and his eyes followed the current. How slowly it appeared to move! What a sluggish stream! (Literature 71). † However, in the short film it only represents the image of the piece of wood. This driftwood symbolizes the situation he is currently in; that he is in a chaotic predicament but is still able to ‘slowly drift’ through the problem. Therefore the story helps the reader fully grasp the introduction of the story better than the short film. During the middle of the story, before Farquhar’s last moments he thinks about his wife and children only to be interrupted by the sound of his pocket watch. As if time were slowing down in his last seconds, the interval between each tick is symbolic to how little time he has left. â€Å"Striking through the thought of his dear ones was the sound which he could neither ignore nor understand, a sharp, distinct, metallic percussion like the stroke of a blacksmith’s hammer upon the anvil.. the delays became maddening (Literature 72). † In the short film of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge,’ time speeds up and his pocket watch was taken from him by one of the officers, clearly not as in dept to relate why Bierce wrote the pocket watch into the story. Also during the rising action of the written story, it is told in great details of how he plunges into the water, and begins to swim through the stream. When he removes the noose from his neck, he sees himself performing but doesn’t follow through. He commands himself to place the cord back once he feels a sudden pang throughout his body, but his hands disobey him. This gives the reader inside details of the characters internal state, which is not expressed in the short film. Lastly, before it is known that Farquhar has been hung and this was his mind flashing through his last moments of life, the soldiers begin firing guns while he swims to safety downstream. At one point the written story tells of how he is spinning and whirled around in the water; which brings us back to the symbolism of the driftwood in the introduction. He spins round and round like the driftwood, finally caught up and not in control of the predicament he is in. â€Å"He had been caught in a vortex and was being whirled on with a velocity of advance.. spinning like a top (Literature 75). The film does not show the final symbolism of the driftwood and rushes through the stream to only have Farquhar advance to the bank and run through the forest to his wife and children. Therefore, in my opinion, Bierce’s written version of ‘An Occurrence at Owl Creek,’ uses the setting to advance the story and plot to the readers. It is more in dept and brings all things to light: internal state, physical state, symbolism, and his flashbacks. The introduction, rising action, and conclusion were all better carried out with setting in the written version rather the short film.

Waste Isolation Power Plant Issues

Waste Isolation Power Plant Issues Introduction: The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, commonly abbreviated as WIPP is the third deepest geological repository in the world. This is after the closure of the repository German plants such as the Schacht Asse II, and the Morsleben radioactive waste plants. This geological repository site has been licensed to dispose radioactive waste, for a minimum period of 10,000 years. Furthermore, the WIPP is also responsible for the production of nuclear weapons (Olsson, 32). The estimated cost that this nuclear plan incurs is estimated at 19 billion United States dollars. The WIPP is found at 42 km, east of the town of Carlsbad. This town is found in the city of New Mexico, in the county of Eddy. This region is considered as the nuclear corridor of the city of New Mexico, and it also includes a National Enrichment Facility and a Waste Control Facility. Capilla, Jaime, and Andrà ©s (257) therefore explains that New Mexico hosts very important nuclear and geological facilities in United States. In the year 2010, the department of energy was able to mothball, the previous plans to develop and build the Yucca nuclear waste repository plant in Nevada. This had an effect of leaving the WIPP as the only repository facility that had the capability of storing waste products that had accumulated at the commercial nuclear plants, in the United States (Olsson, 39). However, there were a series of mishaps and accidents in the year 2014, and this is because of the growing backlog of nuclear waste, that were emanating from commercial nuclear power plants (Seong and Yoram, 1011). Because of these accidents and mishaps, there is a growing concern that this situation may turn into a danger to the citizens of the country, hence the need of building more nuclear repositories that can handle the nuclear activities of the country. Geological History of the WIPP: The WIPP is located in the Delaware Basin of the state of New Mexico. It is a 600 meter deep in length, and it is a salt basin. This basin was formed during the periods of the Permian, and it is approximately 250 million years ago. The Permian is a geological period, and it is characterized by the diversification of organisms into turtles, mammals, archosaurs, etc. Capilla, Jaime, and Andrà ©s (255) explains that an ancient sea once existed where the Delaware Basin is, and it evaporated over a given period of time. This had an effect of leaving an impermeable layer of salt that over a given period of time was able to cover a 300 meters of rock and soil. Olsson (41) further explains that the Delaware basin has some geological similarities with other basins that were created or made through the evaporation of the sea. One of this characteristic is the existence of salts and rocks. The Delaware basin is very salty and rocky, hence depicting this universal characteristic that is found i n all the basins that exists because of the evaporation of the sea. The saltiness of these basins occurs because of the nature of the sea, which is always salty. In 1975, the department of energy began drilling in the salty beds of the Delaware Basin. Geologists were able to discover that the edge of the Delaware Basin had experienced some disturbances. This had led to the movement of the interbed layers to a vertical position. In response, the geologists were able to move the site towards a more stable center of the Delaware basin. Capilla, Jaime, and Andrà ©s (255) explains that there was a suggestion during the early periods of investigation, that the complexity of the geological basin was problematic. This had an effect of causing or making the hollowed-out caverns as unstable. However, Seong and Yoram (1011) explain that what others consider as a form of instability is viewed as a positive aspect, and this is because salt is transformed into a rock. Furthermore, as early as 1957, the National Academy of Science was able to recommend that salt s hould be used as a radioactive waste disposal. This is because it had the capability of plastically deforming a motion that is referred to as the salt creep, which exists in the salt-mining industry (Olsson, 32). This helps in sealing and closing any opening that is created during the process of mining. Furthermore, it also closes and seals any opening that is found around the repository. Geological Location of the WIPP: The WIPP lies on a general flat plain, which is covered with caliche, desert bushes, and sand. The geological name of the region in which the WIPP is located, is called the gypsum-karst region. A subsidence landform, commonly referred to as the Nash Draw lies 5 km, across the Western side of the WIPP site. The Nash Draw is 10 to 16 km wide, on the eastern side of the WIPP, and it has experienced a series of erosion by fill and solution of soluble rocks (Olsson, 27). This is a process that has happened in the past period, and it is also currently happening. The Pecos River also flows from the North West of the WIPP to the South East of the repository. This river is approximately 20 km, from the repository. Because of the existence of saline creeps along the Pecos River, the WIPP has been identified as an area that has the capability of discharging nuclear waste products that emanate from the commercial nuclear sites, and the repository itself. Geological Issues related with WIPP: The geological characterization of the WIPP began in 1974, after the government abandoned the Lyons, Kansas site. The government abandoned this site, in the year 1972. The Atomic Energy Commission was the one which was responsible for selecting the Kansas site. However, it was deemed unsuitable because of unmapped gas and oil wells, which were located within the region or area (Mahaffey, 38). These unmapped wells had the potential of compromising the ability of the planned plant to contain and preserve nuclear waste. The government feared that proceeding with the construction of a nuclear site at the Kansas location, may lead to the emergence of serious health hazards, such as nuclear leakages. This may result to a serious negative impact on the environment. This is because nuclear wastes have the capability of destroying the environment, and the lives of people. Because these concerns were raised by the people, and professional geologists, the government was able to abandon this program, and look for a new site. In relocating this project to New Mexico, the government was encouraged by the interests that emerged from the communities living in the region. Based on these facts, the department of energy was able to relocate this new program to the Delaware salt beds, which are located in New Mexico. The early activities that characterized the classification of the site was focused on obtaining data on hydrology, potash resources, and stratigraphy at the WIPP site. As these studies continued, a variety of geological processes and features were identified, and these features could negatively affect the capabilities of a radioactive waste repository system. Because of the existence of these geological issues and safety concerns, the exact loc ation of building this site was able to change on numerous occasions. This is because the government was keen on protecting the security of the community of people living in the Basin. One of the minerals that posed a safety concern was the presence of Brine deposits. The discovery of brine occurred in the year 1975, when a drilling process was able to release a pressurized deposit of brine, from beneath the repository level. Olsson (46) therefore explains that construction of this plant, near the brine deposits could compromise the safety of the facility. This is because brine has the capability of leaking into the repository, and hence dissolving the radioactive particles or elements. Furthermore, brine had the capability of entraining particulate matter or elements with radioactive waste substances to the surface. This can negatively affect the environment, and the people living within the environment under consideration. These were some of the factors that were considered during the creation and development of the WIPP nuclear plant. Importance of WIPP to the Study: Understanding the geological characteristics and formation of WIPP is important because of the fact that it is a nuclear facility, and any breaches of its security, can lead to very grave security concerns and environmental damages. Take for example the Fukushima Daiichi disaster of 2011. This was a Japanese nuclear disaster that occurred in the year 2011, after being hit by a tsunami (Fermi and Salvatore, 41). This disaster saw the release of a substantial amount of radio-active elements, making it one of the largest nuclear disasters of all time. This led to the contamination of the Pacific sea, affecting the marine life there. Furthermore, there were risks that people could acquire cancer, because of exposure to radioactive elements. Understanding the geological properties and conditions of WIPP would help in minimizing risks associated with the leakage of radioactive elements (Fermi and Salvatore, 41). Conclusion: Storing nuclear waste substances always gives a significant problem to the continuous usage of nuclear substances or materials. There are various challenges that exists in the storage of these nuclear facilities, and this is demonstrated by 2011 Japanese nuclear crisis, and the recent fires that occur at the WIPP nuclear plant. Salt mines have been traditionally used as storage sites for nuclear plants; however, workers in these locations are always vulnerable to acquiring medical conditions that are not conducive to them. Furthermore, the notion that salt mines have the capability of blocking a diffusion of waste products is not a certain belief. It is based on these facts that the WIPP repository should be placed under heavy surveillance to ensure that it does not present a health hazard or risk to the community living there. Works Cited: Energy.gov. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. http://energy.gov/em/waste-isolation-pilot-plant>. Seong, Kwanjae, and Yoram Rubin. Field Investigation of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Site (New Mexico) Using a Nonstationary Stochastic Model with a Trending  Hydraulic Conductivity Field. Water Resources Research (1999): 1011. Print. Capilla, Josà © E., J. Jaime Gà ¶mez-Hernà ¡ndez, and Andrà ©s Sahuquillo. Stochastic Simulation of  Transmissivity Fields Conditional to Both Transmissivity and Piezometric Head Data—3. Application to the Culebra Formation at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plan (WIPP), New  Mexico, USA. Journal of Hydrology (1998): 254-69. Print. Olsson, P. Nuclear Reactors, Nuclear Fusion and Fusion Engineering. New York: Nova  Science, 2009. Print. Fermi, Enrico, and Salvatore Esposito. Neutron Physics for Nuclear Reactors Unpublished  Writings. Singapore: World Scientific, 2010. Print. Mahaffey, James A. Nuclear Fission Reactors. New York: Facts on File, 2011. Print. Appendix One: Image One: This image was removed from the ENERGY.GOV website, managed by the Office of the Environmental Management (Energy.gov, 5). The following is a link to the website, http://energy.gov/em/waste-isolation-pilot-plant This is a truck carrying nuclear waste products, shipping them to the WIPP. This image is developed courtesy of ENERGY.GOV (Energy.gov, 5).

Artificial Intelligence Essay -- Essays Papers

Artificial Intelligence1 Artificial Intelligence (AI) conjures up visions of robots that can mix dry martinis while beating a grand master at chess; and to some, will one day be able to look, act, think and react just like a real person. I would like to explore the concept of AI as it relates to the business world, and its possible many other applications. I believe that true AI is a dream worth pursuing. Like me, there are many who, just like those of the early 1960’s, thought that putting a man on the moon seemed to be an extremely difficult, but not an impossible task, believing the achievement of true AI to come is just a matter of time. To remain competitive, companies must continue to improve by doing better and doing more; all the while using fewer and fewer resources, especially, manpower. Greater numbers of the world’s companies are turning to systems, which they feel offer the best means of attaining these goals. A group, or suite of tools that can help accomplish this pursuit of doing less with more is generally known as Decision Support Systems. This broad category usually consists of computer software and hardware, which includes Intelligent Decision Support Systems, Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence. Do these systems really provide a valuable contribution to those who use them, and just how much faith can be put into them? Strategic decision making concerns itself with determining where and how to deploy present resources to gain competitive advantages with the expectation of achieving some future reward. This simple, but powerful idea, permeates the planning process of large and small companies. Decisions related to how resources should be deployed consider specific measures necessary to compete effectively and efficiently; while strategic decisions are made with the expectation of improving future corporate profitability. Decision support systems are important additions in developing long term strategic plans, and thus long range profitability measures. Definition ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Before we can explore the possibilities and implications of AI, we must carefully define exactly what attributes make something â€Å"intelligent†. The most common way to define intelligence in through the term â€Å"consciousness†. A term such as this has no fixed definition; rather, it is a family of related concepts that ti... ...u/~grassie/StudentProjects/Debicella.html Guven Guzeldere & Stefano Franchi, mindless mechanisms, mindful construction – an introduction – (4 June 1995),Unided States: shr.stanford.edu/shreview/4-2/text/introduction.html R.L. Hughey, Jr, Expert Systems in Manufacturing, (3 May 1996). Carrollton Ga: www.southwire.com/sw/techlib/ieee0002.htm Henry Linger, Intelligent Decision Support in the Context of the Modern Organisation – (1997), Monash University, Melbourne Australia: inforge.unil.ch/isdss97/papers/84.htm Daniel E. O’Leary, Artificial Intelligence in Business - (17 December 1994). University of Southern Ca: www.bus.orst.edu/faculty/brownc/es_tutor/bus-ai.htm Otis Porter, Dueling Brainscapes in Artificial Intelligence – (1997), Austin Tx: www.businessweek.com/1997/25/b353210.htm Lynda Radosevich, AI Wises Up – Artificial intelligence has made the transistion from fuzzy-headed fad to real-world application – (3 August 1998), United States: www.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/features/980803ai.htm Cosmin Radu, What is an Expert Systems – unknown, United States: www.cs.umr.edu/~caradu/fuzzy/node3.html World Book Encyclopedia, (1999) CD Form.

A Brief Analysis of the Second World War Essay

1. What do sources 1 and 2 reveal about some reasons why civilians made up so many of the causalities of World War II? * In urban areas. Aerial bombing. People put themselves in danger to try and help others. Â  In source 1, the nurses are risking their lives try to find any survivors after the bombing. In source 2, the women are risking their lives to help defenders by taking supplies. 2. A. Why were the men in Tom Uren’s unit eager to fight the Japanese? * The men were told about what Japanese were doing in the countries they had overrun such as China. They were told that Japanese people were raping women and bayoneting children B. When and where did they fight? * Koepang, on the western of Timor. * 19 January 1942 C. What was Tom Uren’s view of the way this part of the war was fought? * He wanted to make the right things by stopping the terrible things that Japanese were doing to women and children heartlessly. 3. A. Why was it though necessary for the Allies to destroy this historic monastery? * The Germans had used the monastery as a position for firing down upon advancing Allied soldiers. B. What are the advantages of aerial photographs as sources? * Aerial photographs provide a real image of the ground surface. * Broader spectral sensitivity than the human eye and much broader field of view. 4. Describe the details in source 5 and explain how this artwork conveys the horror of the Nazi’s persecution of their victims during World War II? * The bodies, lots of people and no landscape and the painting itself is a horrifying. 5. Using all of the sources in this unit as your evidence, write a short account of reasons why such large numbers of people suffered and died in World War II. * It was not safe for people to move and they still went and risked their lives to try to help others. 1. Create a timeline of events from 1919 to 1934 that contributed to Germany’s becoming a Nazi dictatorship. * 1921 – Hitler becomes first president of Nazi party * 1924 – Dawes Plan Germany given loans to help economy * 1925 – Lorcano Treaty, Germany accepts borders set by Treaty of Versailles * 1926 – Hitler youth founded * 1929 – Great depression begins * 1930 – Nazi party votes climbed up * 1932 – Nazi party gains votes * 19933 – Hitler get invited by Hindenburg to become chancellor 2. Explain the meaning of the following terms and concepts: * A. Weimar Republic – the democratic system of government in Germany from 1919 to early 1933, so called because its constitution was written in the city of Weimar. * B. Paramilitary – armed forces outside the official military * C. Reichstag – the German parliament * D. FÃ ¼hrer- absolute ruler * E. Concentration camp – prison camps where people were beaten, tortured, starved and used as slave labor. 3. How did each of the following factors help the rise of the Nazis? * A. Resentment against the conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles – deep anger about World War I and treaty of Versailles created an underlying bitterness to which Hitler’s viciousness and expansionism appealed, people gave him support. * B. The myth of the ‘stab in the back’ * C. The great depression – The economic depression had hit Germany, and millions of people were out of work. Germany’s humiliating defeat fifteen years of earlier during WW1 and Germans lacked confidence in their week government. These conditions provided the chance for the rise of a new leader. 4. What role did President Hindenburg play in Hitler’s rise to power? * After the depression hit, Germany had a coalition government headed by the Social Democratic Party. They wanted to raise taxes on the rich to maintain payments to the unemployed. The no- socialist parties split. So President Hindenburg used the crisis to appoint an authoritarian Centre Party government that lacked support in the Reichstag (the German parliament). When elections were held in 1930, moderate parties lost ground. The communist party increased its percentage of votes from 10.6 to 13.1 but the Nazi party climbed from just 2.6 to 18.3 per cent. 5. Why was Hitler willing to murder members of his own party? * To prepare for war, Hitler needed the support of the army leaders so he eliminated Ernst RÃ ¶hm and other SA leaders. They were people who wanted the regular army to be amalgamated with the SA under SA leadership. 6. What measures did the Nazis adopt to crush their opponents between 1933 and 1934? * Nazi courts were established to try policy criminals. * Anti-Nazis and Jews forced out of jobs in the civil service * Un-German books were publicly burned

Gradgrinds philosophy of education in Hard Times Essays

Gradgrinds philosophy of education in Hard Times Essays Gradgrinds philosophy of education in Hard Times Paper Gradgrinds philosophy of education in Hard Times Paper Essay Topic: Education Hard Times Charles Dickens novel Hard Times is a classic story about family problems, detachments and inappropriate family values set in industrial England. The main point of the story focuses on Thomas Gradgrind, a single-minded man who lacks emotions and whose philosophy is one dimensional. In order to discuss how Dickens presents education, in particular Gradgrinds philosophy of education it will be important to look further at the following points: Gradgrinds teaching style, interaction with his pupils and finally Gradginds personality. Thomas Gradgrind was a man built on the idea that facts and statistics were the only truth in life and all that was needed to have a healthy and productive life. Gradginds teaching style can be seen as regimented and one dimensional. For example, he believes in stating facts based on principles and has no time for anything outside the obvious. This can be seen at the beginning of the first chapter when Mr Gradgrind says, Now what I want is facts. Teach these boys and girls nothing but facts. This makes him seem a stubborn scary person, who lacks creativity and doesnt like to be challenged. : Also he believes himself to be factual and proceeds upon a principle to be accurate. You can see that facts are very important to Mr Gradgrind as the word Facts has a capital letter most of the time. Dickens seems to give an over the top description of Mr Gradgrind, using dull, monotonous language through which he shows us that Mr Gradgrinds attitude towards education is purely based on facts. Dickens also presents Gradgrind as a very well organised man, who is described as square. Square wall of a forehead, where everything about him is dry and inflexible. Dickens has described this character for a reason, to make the reader imagine a very dull, unattractive character. Dickens use of repetitions creates effect on the character such as In this life, we want nothing but facts, sir nothing but facts! . This implies that Gradgrind is a firm believer of education and is accustomed to only one explanation, and he doesnt consider anything more complicated. Gradgrind has no imagination, creativity or inspiration of any kind because he has only one goal in mind. When Gradgrind speaks to his pupils he doesnt let them explore their thoughts of vision. For example in the conversation about horses with his class he quotes Do you ever see horses walking up and down the sides of rooms in reality- in fact. This shows that Gradgrind has no ability to believe in images or ideas in the mind, especially of things that never will be seen in reality. When Gradgrind addresses the pupils he uses an order to instruct, because he wants everything in the right classification of arrangement, for example when communicating he underlines them as numbers rather than names, for example Girl number twenty. This is his regimented way to organize his pupils because the children are not allowed any independent thought which takes their personality away from them. Also Gradgrind shows no respect for the students and believes he is superior to them. Another sentence Gradgrind uses: Sissy is not a name. Here he tells Sissy that her name is ridiculous and that she should change it, Call yourself Cecilia. This shows Gradgrind is ignorant to what the students may want or believe. He also wants everything in an appropriate order because of his factual regime. Gradgrind produces a quite ridiculous question for Sissy to answer Girl number twenty, give me a definition of a horse Sissy knows what a horse is as she was brought up with them, but she is unable to answer Gradgrinds ridiculous question because she does not know what the word definition means. Bitzer is then asked to describe the answer, he does so correctly, Quadruped. Graminivorous. Forty teeth This answer goes well with the question, it is also ridiculous, this is emphasised by the answer being something that a student of this age would not know. Bitzers mechanical reproduction of facts is the approved product of Gradgrinds system of education. Dickens uses other characters names to create effect in the philosophy. For example Mr Mr MChoakumchild who is portrayed as an unpleasant teacher at Gradginds school. His name suggests that he is not very fond of children, which stifles or chokes their imagination. Dickens describes Mr MChoakumchild as an intelligent man, the subjects and skills that he studied show that his knowledge was very high. For example Orthography, etymology, syntax and prosody . He believes that fact is all that the children need to know in life. Dickens chapter title gives an implied meaning, Murdering the innocents this gives a violent impression. This can be interpreted as cramming the pupils minds with facts and overpowering their ability to think in a wider context. In conclusion, it can be seen that Dickens presents Gradgrinds philosophy of education by portraying Gradgrind as a gruelling man, who is only interested in his own way of doing things. It is his teaching of facts and excluding imagination, fantasy and understanding. He is a very hard man and is representative of the title, for example Industrial England was full of hardship where people were poor and lead simple lives. Dickens also uses irony to symbolise his point, a good example is the name Mr MChoakumchild. It is ironic because the schools philosophy is to cram the childrens minds with facts thereby choking them. Dickens has succeeded in writing the opening chapters about education, and his use of language is very effective.